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Slide 13

The driller tries to calculate the volume of the empty annular space between the outside of the casing and the inside of the hole. 

The driller then has a company pump that same volume of cement down the inside of the casing.  (You will regularly see these special cement trucks on the highways.  They are usually gray and have huge covered funnel shaped tanks on the back holding the cement.)

To separate this cement from the water that is going to force it into the empty annular space, the driller inserts a “pig” (orange here).  Then water pressure is applied down on the pig, and . . .