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Slide 15

This is how the drill hole looks after the first, “fresh water” casing is set and cemented in.

This is designed to cement and seal the casing in the hole.  The purpose of the casing is to keep anything from leaking out of the inside of the casing and into the  groundwater or other strata.  The purpose of the cement is to hold the casing in place and to prevent movement water or other substances (“communication”) between the good and bad groundwater strata, the surface etc.

And usually it does.  As explained previously there can be some problems that occur before this casing and cementing is done.

There can also be problems while the casing and cementing is being done that can cause problems for surface owners and their water.